农药类内分泌干扰物对无尾两栖动物影响的研究进展

刘蕊; 刘春晓; 刁金玲; 周志强

doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2019.0102

农药类内分泌干扰物对无尾两栖动物影响的研究进展

doi: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2019.0102

中国农业大学理学院，北京 100193

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (21577171)

详细信息

作者简介:
刘蕊，女，硕士研究生，E-mail：rayliu@cau.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刁金玲，通信作者 (Author for correspondence)，女，博士，副教授，主要从事农药残留与毒理学研究，E-mail：jinling@cau.edu.cn

中图分类号: Q959.5；X592
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-07-18
- 录用日期: 2019-09-20
- 刊出日期: 2019-12-01

Research progress on the effects of pesticides endocrine disrupting chemicals on anura amphibians

College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

摘要

摘要: 农药类内分泌干扰物 (endocrine disrupting chemicals, EDCs) 对人类健康和生态环境造成了一定威胁。无尾两栖动物因其处于水生生态系统和陆生生态系统的过渡阶段，在食物链中具有重要位置，同时也是经济合作与发展组织 (OECD) 和美国环保局 (USEPA) 识别和评估化合物影响的常见模式生物。因此开展农药类EDCs对无尾两栖动物影响的研究可进一步评价农药的生态风险，有助于全面认识农药类EDCs。本文综述了农药类内分泌干扰物对无尾两栖动物甲状腺及性腺干扰的研究进展，并展望了研究农药类EDCs对无尾两栖动物影响的深远意义，旨在为全面的农药生态风险评价及为农药安全性评价体系引入更加全面、科学的试验方法和评价标准提供科学依据。
- 农药 /
- 内分泌干扰物 /
- 无尾两栖动物 /
- 甲状腺 /
- 性腺 /
- 研究进展
Abstract: Pesticides endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) pose a certain threat to human health and the ecological environment. Because of their transitional stages in aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems, anura amphibians play an important role in the food chain. They are also common model organisms for the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) to identify and evaluate the effects of compounds. Therefore, the study on the effects of pesticide EDCs on anura amphibians can further evaluate the ecological risks of pesticides and is helpful for the fully understanding of pesticides EDCs. In this review, the research progress of pesticide EDCs on thyroid and gonadal disturbance in anura amphibians were summarized. And the far-reaching significance of the study on the effects of pesticide EDCs on anura amphibians was prospected. The purpose of which is to comprehensively evaluate the ecological risks of pesticides and provide scientific basis for introducing more comprehensive and scientific test methods and evaluation standards into the pesticide safety evaluation system.
- pesticides /
- endocrine disrupting chemicals /
- anura amphibians /
- thyroid /
- gonad /
- research progress

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图 1 生物体甲状腺激素信号传导^{[30, 35-36]}

Figure 1. Thyroid hormone signal transduction in organisms^{[30, 35-36]}

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图 2 生物体性激素的生物合成途径^[60-61]

Figure 2. Biosynthetic pathways of sexual hormones in organisms^[60-61]

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表 1 对无尾两栖动物甲状腺具有干扰效应的农药

Table 1. Pesticides that interfere with the thyroid gland of anura amphibians

种类 Species	暴露物　　 Chemicals	剂量　　 Dosage	暴露时间　 Exposure durations	效应 Observed effects	参考文献Reference
非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis	三唑酮 triadimefon	0, 0.112, 1.12 mg/L	NF 51 期，暴露 21 d Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 51, exposure 21 days	1.12 mg/L 处理组甲状腺激素浓度显著降低，甲状腺球蛋白下调 Thyroid hormone concentration decreased significantly in 1.12 mg/L treatment group, thyroglobulin decreased	[40]
黑斑蛙 Rana nigromaculata	三唑酮，三唑醇 triadimefon, triadimenol	0.1, 1, 10 mg/L	Gosner 26 期，暴露 28 d Gosner stage 26, exposure 28 days	各处理组甲状腺激素信号受到破坏，10 mg/L 三唑酮比三唑醇对HPT轴产生更多的影响 The thyroid hormone signal was destroyed in each treatment group, 10 mg/L triadimefon had more significant effects on the HPT axis than triadimenol	[41]
北美牛蛙 North American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana)	三氯生 triclosan	0.15-0.03 μg/L	预变态蝌蚪，暴露 96 h Pre-metamorphic tadpoles, exposure 96 hours	各处理组变态前蝌蚪脑部甲状腺激素受体 α 的转录水平改变 Each treatment group changed the transcription level of thyroid hormone receptor alpha in tadpole brain before metamorphosis	[42]
黑斑蛙 Rana nigromaculata	环丙唑醇 cyproconazole	1, 10 mg/L	Gosner 24 期，暴露 14、28、42、90 d Gosner stage 24, exposure 14, 28, 42, 90 days	各处理组甲状腺在组织学上显著改变，且 10 mg/L 处理组甲状腺相关基因和激素水平受影响 Thyroid gland was changed significantly in each treatment group, 10 mg/L treatment group affected thyroid-related genes and hormone levels	[43]
非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis	丁草胺 butachlor	1, 10, 100 mg/L	NF 51 期，暴露 7、14、 21 d Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 51, exposure 7, 14, 21 days	3 个处理组甲状腺激素含量升高，100 mg/L处理组下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺 (HPT) 轴相关基因表达受影响 The thyroid hormone levels in the three treatment groups were elevated, and the expression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis-related genes was affected in the 100 mg/L treatment group	[44]
非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis	乙草胺 acetochlor	2.7 μg/L	NF 52-54 期暴露 48、72 h Nieuwkoop-Faber stage, 52-54, exposure 48, 72 hours	乙草胺处理组非洲爪蟾尾部的甲状腺相关基因表达发生改变 Thyroid-related gene expression was changed in the tail of Xenopus laevis in the acetochlor treatment group	[45]
木蛙蝌蚪 Wood frog tadpoles (Lithobates sylvaticus)	草甘膦 glyphosate	0.21 mg/L, 2.89 mg/L	受精卵至 Gosner 36/37 期 Fertilized eggs to Gosner stage 36/37	高浓度处理组影响甲状腺相关基因的mRNA 水平 High concentration treatment group affected mRNA levels of thyroid related genes	[46]
黑斑蛙 Rana nigromaculata	异丙甲草胺，精异丙甲草胺 metolachlor, S-metolachlor	0.1, 1, 5 mg/L	Gosner 26 期，暴露 28 d Gosner stage 26, exposure 28 days	各处理组均抑制TH响应基因的表达，且对黑斑蛙蝌蚪甲状腺组织学均产生影响，异丙甲草胺和精异丙甲草胺处理组差异不明显 All the treatment groups inhibited the expression of TH-responsive genes, and affected thyroid histology, the difference between the metolachlor and the S-metolachlor treatment group was not obvious	[47]
绿蛙蝌蚪 Green frog tadpoles (Lithobates clamitans)	甲萘威 carbaryl	1 mg/L	孵化后约 14、28、56、112 d，暴露 3 d About 14, 28, 56, 112 days after hatching, exposure 3 days	甲萘威处理组改变绿蛙蝌蚪发育过程中 Th 调节基因的 mRNA 丰度分布 The carbaryl treatment group altered the mRNA abundance distribution of Th regulatory genes	[48]
非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis	联苯菊酯 (外消旋及两个异构体) bifenthrin (racemate and two enantiomers)	rac-bifenthrin 0.001 μg/L, S-bifenthrin 0.1 μg/L, R-bifenthrin 0.1 μg/L.	NF 46 期，暴露 28、35 d Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 46, exposure 28, 35 days	R-联苯菊酯处理组TH含量受到抑制，且 tshβ，dio2 等相关基因受到明显影响 R-bifenthrin treatment group inhibited TH content, related genes was affected such as tshβ and dio2	[51]

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表 2 对无尾两栖动物性腺具有干扰效应的农药

Table 2. Pesticides that interfere with the gonad of anura amphibians

种类 Species	暴露物 Chemicals	剂量　　 Dosage	暴露时间 Exposure durations	效应 Observed effects	参考文献 Reference
雄性非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis, male	戊唑醇 tebuconazole	0.1, 1, 10, 500 μg/L	成年雄性，暴露 27 d Adult males, exposure 27 days	500 μg/L 处理组血浆和性腺中类固醇激素水平改变 Steroid hormone levels in plasma and gonads were changed in 500 μg/L treatment group	[65]
雄性非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis, male	乙烯菌核利 vinclozolin	10⁻⁶, 10⁻⁸, 10⁻¹⁰ mol/L	成年雄性，暴露 96 h Adult males, exposure 96 hours	10⁻⁶ mol/L 处理组雄性性唤起降低，处于性冷淡状态 Male sexual arousal, sexually apathetic was reduced in 10⁻⁶mol/L treatment group	[66]
雄性非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis, male	咪鲜胺 prochloraz	0, 6.7, 20, 60, 180 μg/L	非洲爪蟾胚胎 (受精后<1 d)，暴露至变态完成后 2 个月 Xenopus embryos (<1 d after fertilization), exposure to two months after completion of metamorphosis	180 μg/L 处理组雄性苗勒氏管受到抑制且睾丸功能相关基因表达水平受到影响 Male Mullerian tube was inhibited in 180 μg/L treatment group, affected testicular function-related gene	[67]
雄性非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis, male	莠去津 atrazine	2.5 μg/L	孵化后的幼虫，暴露3年 Hatched larvae, exposure 3 years	莠去津处理组雄性睾酮水平降低、生殖腺减小，交配行为受抑制，生育能力下降 In the carbaryl treatment group male testosterone level and gonad size decreased, mating behavior was inhibited, and fertility decreased	[69]
雄性非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis, male	莠去津 atrazine	0.1, 1, 10, 100 μg/L	NF 47 期，暴露 90 和 180 d Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 47, exposure 90, 180 days	100 μg/L 处理组睾丸变性相关基因表达显著受到抑制 Gene expression of testicular degeneration in 100 μg/L treatment group was significantly inhibited	[70]
雄性非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis, male	西玛津 simazine	0.1, 1.2, 11.0, 100.9 μg/L	NF 46 期，暴露 100 d Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 46, exposure 100 days	11.0 μg/L 和100.9 μg/L 处理组雄性腺重量显著减少，并且导致精原细胞肥大和睾丸形状不规则 Male gland weight was significantly reduced in 11.0 μg/L and 100.9 μg/L treatment groups, lead to hypertrophy of spermatogonia and irregular testicular shape	[71]
非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis	利谷隆 linuron	9, 45 μg/L	NF 40 期，暴露至 NF51/53, 55/58, 66期 Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 40, exposure to Nieuwkoop-Faber stage 51-53, 55-58, 66	低浓度处理组导致性别比例雌性化，雄性生育力降低 Low concentration treatment group resulted in feminization, male fertility decreased	[73]
雄性非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis, male	p,p′-DDE p,p′-dichlordi-phenyldichloroethylene	3.18 ng/L, 318.0 ng/L	成年雄性，暴露 96 h Adult males, exposure 96 hours	318.0 ng/L 处理组雄性性唤起降低 In the 318.0 ng/L treatment group, male arousal decreased	[75]
林蛙蝌蚪 Rana dalmatina	毒死蜱 chlorpyrifos	0.025 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L	Gosner 25 期，暴露至 46 期Gosner stage 25, exposure to stage 46	各处理组损害性腺发育，通过诱导睾丸间质状况和睾丸形态改变而影响性腺分化 Each treatment group impaired gonadal development and affected gonadal differentiation by inducing testicular interstitial status and testicular morphology	[76]
雌性非洲爪蟾 Xenopus laevis, female	甲氧滴滴涕 methoxychlor	0.5, 5, 50, 500 μg/L	成年雌性，暴露 30 d Adult females, exposure 30 days	雌性产卵延迟，500 μg/L 处理组产卵数量显著减少，不可受精卵数量增加 Female oviposition was delayed, number of oviposition decreased significantly and the number of unfertilized eggs increased in 500 μg/L treatment group	[77]

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农药类内分泌干扰物对无尾两栖动物影响的研究进展

doi: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2019.0102

作者简介:
刘蕊，女，硕士研究生，E-mail：rayliu@cau.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刁金玲，通信作者 (Author for correspondence)，女，博士，副教授，主要从事农药残留与毒理学研究，E-mail：jinling@cau.edu.cn

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Research progress on the effects of pesticides endocrine disrupting chemicals on anura amphibians

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农药类内分泌干扰物对无尾两栖动物影响的研究进展

doi: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2019.0102

作者简介: 刘蕊，女，硕士研究生，E-mail：rayliu@cau.edu.cn

通讯作者: 刁金玲，通信作者 (Author for correspondence)，女，博士，副教授，主要从事农药残留与毒理学研究，E-mail：jinling@cau.edu.cn

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Research progress on the effects of pesticides endocrine disrupting chemicals on anura amphibians

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出版历程

目录

作者简介:
刘蕊，女，硕士研究生，E-mail：rayliu@cau.edu.cn

通讯作者:
刁金玲，通信作者 (Author for correspondence)，女，博士，副教授，主要从事农药残留与毒理学研究，E-mail：jinling@cau.edu.cn