噁唑菌酮与精甲霜灵复配对葡萄霜霉病的防效及药剂在葡萄中的残留

夏丽娟; 卿尚飞; 苏正川; 杨惠玲

doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0175

噁唑菌酮与精甲霜灵复配对葡萄霜霉病的防效及药剂在葡萄中的残留

doi: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0175

1.
四川省农药检定所，成都 610041
2.
四川海润作物科学技术有限公司，四川夹江 614100

详细信息

通讯作者:
夏丽娟， xlj99213@163.com.

中图分类号: S436.6；TQ450.21；TQ450.26
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-06-15
- 录用日期: 2021-12-20
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-15
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-01

Field efficacy of the combination of famoxadone and metalaxyl-M against Plasmopara viticola and the residue dynamics of the two fungicides in grape

1.
Institute for the Control of Agrochemicals, Chengdu 610041, China
2.
Sichuan Hairun Crop Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Jiajiang 614100, Sichuan Province, China

摘要

摘要: 为明确噁唑菌酮与精甲霜灵复配在防治葡萄霜霉病上的可行性及安全性，对噁唑菌酮与精甲霜灵进行了室内联合毒力测定、田间药效及残留试验。结果表明：噁唑菌酮与精甲霜灵按质量比1 : 1复配，对葡萄霜霉病的联合毒力表现为增效作用，EC₅₀值为2.52 mg/L，共毒系数 (CTC) 为154.53。30% 噁唑菌酮 • 精甲霜灵悬浮剂 (噁唑菌酮与精甲霜灵质量比1 : 1) 按有效成分120~200 mg/kg剂量喷雾施药3次，施药间隔7 d，最佳防效可达83.9%；其有效成分200 mg/kg剂量下的防效显著优于对照药剂68.75% 噁唑 • 锰锌水分散粒剂有效成分687.5 mg/kg剂量的防效；有效成分120和150 mg/kg剂量下的防效显著优于对照药剂68% 精甲霜灵 • 锰锌水分散粒剂有效成分1360 mg/kg剂量的防效。在0.1~5 mg/kg添加水平下，噁唑菌酮和精甲霜灵在葡萄中的平均回收率分别为91%~107%和92%~107%，相对标准偏差(RSD)小于5.7%；噁唑菌酮与精甲霜灵在葡萄中的消解规律均符合一级反应动力学方程，半衰期分别为8.9~12.8 d和7.4~10.0 d，均属易消解性农药。研究表明，噁唑菌酮与精甲霜灵质量比1 : 1复配所得30% 噁唑菌酮 • 精甲霜灵悬浮剂防治葡萄霜霉病具有高效、低残留、易降解及使用安全的特点，具有一定的开发价值。
- 噁唑菌酮 /
- 精甲霜灵 /
- 葡萄霜霉病菌 /
- 联合毒力 /
- 防治效果 /
- 残留 /
- 消解 /
- 安全性
Abstract: To clarify the feasibility and safety of using the combination of famoxadone and metalaxyl-M against Plasmopara viticola in grape, the indoor co-toxicity test, field control efficacy test and residue behavior test were carried out. The results showed that the type of joint effect was synergistic on P. viticola when the ratio of famoxadone and metalaxyl-M was 1 : 1, with the EC₅₀ value was 2.52 mg/L and the co-toxicity coefficient was 154.53. The best field control efficacy of 30% famoxadone + metalaxyl-M SC (at the mass ratio of 1 : 1) against P. viticola was 83.9% after 3 times of application at the dosage of 120-200 mg a.i./kg with interval of 7 d. The control effect of 30% famoxadone + metalaxyl-M SC at the dosage of 200 mg a.i./kg was significantly better than that of 68.75% famoxadone + mancozeb WG at the dosage of 687.5 mg a.i./kg, and the control effect of 30% famoxadone + metalaxyl-M SC at the dosage of 120 and 150 mg a.i./kg was significantly better than 68% metalaxyl-M + mancozeb WG at the dosage of 1360 mg a.i./kg. At the spiking levels of 0.1, 0.5 ,1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg, the average recoveries of famoxadone and metalaxyl-M in grape were 91%-107% and 92%-107%, respectively, with RSD less than 5.7%. The dissipation of famoxadone and metalaxyl-M in grape fitted to the first order kinetics and the half-lives were 8.9-12.8 d and 7.4-10.0 d, respectively, indicating that they were easily dissipated pesticides. The results suggested that the formulation of 30% famoxadone + metalaxyl-M SC (at the mass ratio of 1 : 1) could be an effective fungicide for controlling P. viticola, with the characteristics of high efficiency, low residual, easily degraded, and safe for use, and have certain future developmental value.
- famoxadone /
- metalaxyl-M /
- Plasmopara viticola /
- co-toxicity /
- control efficacy /
- residue /
- dissipation /
- safety

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表 1 噁唑菌酮与精甲霜灵单剂及复配对葡萄霜霉病菌的毒力

Table 1. Joint-toxicity and individual toxicity of famoxadone and metalaxyl-M to the toxicity of Plasmopara viticola

药剂 Fungicide	毒力回归方程 Toxicity regression equation (y=)	相关系数 Correlation coefficient, r	EC₅₀(90% CL)/ (mg/L)	EC₉₀/(mg/L)	共毒系数 Co-toxicity coefficient, CTC
精甲霜灵 metalaxyl-M	4.1837 + 1.5202x	0.9980	3.44 (3.19~3.72)	23.99	—
噁唑菌酮 famoxadone	4.2220 + 1.1960x	0.9982	4.47 (4.15~4.81)	52.72	—
m (精甲霜灵) : m (噁唑菌酮) = m (metalaxyl-M) : m (famoxadone) =
4 : 1	4.3367 + 1.4274x	0.9992	2.92 (2.78~3.06)	23.04	123.81
2 : 1	4.3931 + 1.4092x	0.9987	2.7 (2.54~2.87)	21.89	138.34
1 : 1	4.4621 + 1.3413x	0.9994	2.52 (2.41~2.63)	22.72	154.53
1 : 2	4.4018 + 1.3150x	0.9994	2.85 (2.73~2.98)	26.88	142.68
1 : 4	4.3631 + 1.2732x	0.9991	3.16 (3.01~3.33)	32.12	133.38

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表 2 噁唑菌酮与精甲霜灵复配对葡萄霜霉病的田间防治效果

Table 2. Field control efficacy of the mixture of famoxadone and metalaxyl-M for controlling grape downy mildew

药剂 Fungicide	有效成分用量 Dose, a.i./ (mg/kg)	四川 Sichuan				北京 Beijing
		第 3 次药后 7 d 7 d after the 3rd spray		第 3 次药后1 4 d 14 d after the 3rd spray		第 3 次药后 7 d 7 d after the 3rd spray		第 3 次药后 14 d 14 d after the 3rd spray
		病情指数 Disease index	防效 Control efficacy/%	病情指数 Disease index	防效 Control efficacy/%	病情指数 Disease index	防效 Control efficacy/%	病情指数 Disease index	防效 Control efficacy/%
30% 噁唑菌酮 • 精甲霜灵悬浮剂 famoxadone + metalaxyl-M 30% SC	200	1.0	82.2 ± 2.3 a	1.2	83.9 ± 2.8 a	2.2	80.6 ± 1.1 a	3.7	75.2 ± 2.1 a
	150	1.3	75.7 ± 2.9 b	1.6	78.0 ± 2.1 b	3.2	69.5 ± 2.9 b	4.7	65.8 ± 2.5 b
	120	1.9	64.6 ± 3.8 c	2.3	67.3 ± 2.3 c	4.4	59.8 ± 1.3 c	6.2	56.7 ± 2.1 c
68.75% 噁唑 • 锰锌水分散粒剂 famoxadone + mancozeb 68.75% WG	687.5	1.7	78.3 ± 1.8 b	0.9	77.6 ± 2.6 b	1.8	71.2 ± 1.3 b	3.0	69.3 ± 2.8 b
68% 精甲霜灵 • 锰锌水分散粒剂 metalaxyl-M + mancozeb 68% WG	1360	1.9	65.4 ± 3.1 c	1.1	63.2 ± 2.8 c	4.4	60.1 ± 2.8 c	6.3	55.3 ± 2.8 c
清水对照 CK		5.4		7.1		10.7		13.8
注：同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P < 0.05)。Notes: Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among the same column data (P < 0.05).

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表 3 噁唑菌酮和精甲霜灵在葡萄中的残留消解动态

Table 3. Dissipation dynamics of famoxadone and metalaxyl-M in grape samples

试验地点 Site	药剂 Fungicide	消解动态方程 Dissipation kinetic equation	相关系数 Correlation coefficient, r	半衰期 Half-life/d
四川 Sichuan	噁唑菌酮 famoxadone	c_t=3.541 8e^-0.054t	0.9008	12.8
四川 Sichuan	精甲霜灵 metalaxyl-M	c_t=2.107 3e^-0.094t	0.9767	7.4
北京 Beijing	噁唑菌酮 famoxadone	c_t=5.687 3e^-0.078t	0.9518	8.9
北京 Beijing	精甲霜灵 metalaxyl-M	c_t=2.273 1e^-0.069t	0.9309	10.0

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