咪唑乙烟酸对谷子生理特性及产量构成的影响

贺晓勇; 孙大生; 杨雪萍; 原向阳; 宋喜娥; 姚翔; 郭平毅; 杨雪芳

doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0178

咪唑乙烟酸对谷子生理特性及产量构成的影响

doi: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2021.0178

1.
山西农业大学农学院，山西太谷 030801
2.
山西农业大学资源与环境学院，山西太谷 030801
3.
山西省繁峙县平型关镇政府，山西繁峙 034300

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(31800461)；山西农业大学科技创新基金项目(2018YJ19)；国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-06-13.5-A28)；晋中市科技重点研发计划(Y202009)；山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D221030).

详细信息

作者简介:
贺晓勇，he_xiaoyong0133@163.com

通讯作者:
杨雪芳，yang_xue_fang1@126.com.

中图分类号: S482.4；S515
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- 文章访问数: 111
- HTML全文浏览量: 38
- PDF下载量: 12
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-05-25
- 录用日期: 2021-10-27
- 网络出版日期: 2022-01-05
- 刊出日期: 2022-04-10

Effects of imazethapyr on the physiological characteristics and yield components of foxtail millet

1.
College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China
2.
College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi Province, China
3.
Pingxingguan Town Government, Fanshi County, Shanxi Province, Fanshi 034300, Shanxi Province, China

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (31800461), Shanxi Agricultural University Science and Technology Innovation Fund (2018YJ19), China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-06-13.5-A28), Key Science and Technology R&D Program of Jinzhong City (Y202009), Key Research and Development Projects of Shanxi Province (201903D221030)

摘要

摘要: 为探究咪唑乙烟酸对抗性及常规谷子品种生理特性及产量构成的影响及其抗性机理，以抗咪唑乙烟酸谷子品种冀谷35和常规谷子品种冀谷38、冀谷41、晋谷21、晋谷59、长农44、龙谷39和中谷9为研究对象，采用盆栽及田间试验比较其苗期生理特性和产量构成对咪唑乙烟酸的响应。盆栽试验结果显示：咪唑乙烟酸按有效成分93.5 g/hm²施用，显著降低了常规谷子品种幼苗期地上部分鲜重(降幅达21.60%~72.83%)及叶绿素a (45.20%~92.12%)、叶绿素b (18.10%~93.36%)、类胡萝卜素(42.58%~84.21%)和总叶绿素的含量(45.73%~92.38%)；叶绿素荧光参数表观光合电子传递速率和最大光化学产量分别下降20.4%~37.0%和6.9%~24.8%，非光化学淬灭系数和调节性能量耗散的量子产量分别显著上升了101.0%~322.1%和113.7%~319.7%。而对抗性品种冀谷35的地上部分鲜重、叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光参数均无显著影响。咪唑乙烟酸显著降低了常规谷子品种的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性，降幅达19.70%~56.58%，增加叶片丙二醛(MDA)含量达16.70%~68.80%，提高抗性谷子品种冀谷35的CAT活性达52.48%，但对其MDA含量无显著影响。抗性品种冀谷35经咪唑乙烟酸处理后乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)活性变化较小，而常规品种冀谷38的ALS从药后13 d起，活性较对照开始显著下降。田间试验结果显示：苗期喷施咪唑乙烟酸显著降低了常规谷子品种谷穗的穗长、穗粗、穗重、穗粒重及理论产量；显著增加了抗性谷子品种冀谷35的穗重、穗粒重及理论产量，增幅为7.8%~8.6%。研究表明，冀谷35通过维持体内靶标酶ALS活性稳定，增强对过氧化氢的清除能力，减轻膜脂过氧化，使其对咪唑乙烟酸具有高抗药性。
- 咪唑乙烟酸 /
- 谷子 /
- 抗性品种冀谷35 /
- 生理特性 /
- 产量影响
Abstract: To explore the effects of imazethapyr on the physiological characteristics and yield components of imazethapyr-resistant and conventional foxtail millet varieties and the resistance mechanism, an imazethapyr-resistant variety Jigu35 and 7 conventional varieties Jigu38, Jigu41, Jingu21, Jingu59, Changnong44, Longgu39, and Zhonggu9 were used to compare the physiological characteristics and yield components in response to imazethapyr by pot and filed experiments. The results of the pot experiment showed that for conventional varieties, the aboveground fresh weight, the contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, and total chlorophyll in leaves were significantly decreased after active ingredient 93.5 g (a.i.)/hm² imazethapyr treatment by 21.60%-72.83%, 45.20%-92.12%, 18.10%-93.36%, 42.58%-84.21%, and 45.73%-92.38%, respectively. The apparent photosynthetic electron transfer rate and maximum photochemical yield of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters decreased by 20.4%-37.0% and 6.9%-24.8%, respectively. The non-photochemical quenching coefficient and the quantum yield of regulatory energy dissipation significantly increased by 101.0%-322.1% and 113.7%-319.7%, respectively, while the imazethapyr-resistant variety Jigu35 were not changed significantly. The catalase (CAT) activity of Jigu35 was significantly increased by 52.48%, while it was decreased by 19.70%-56.58% for conventional foxtail millet varieties. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) of conventional varieties were significantly increased by 16.70%-68.80%, but had no significant effect on resistant variety Jigu35. The acetolactate synthase (ALS) activity of the resistant variety Jigu35 was slightly changed after the treatment of imazethapyr. The ALS activity of the conventional variety Jigu38, it was significantly decreased from the 13th day of treatment compared with the control. The field experiment showed that spraying imazethapyr at the seedling stage significantly reduced the ear length, ear diameter, ear weight, ear grain weight, and theoretical yield of conventional varieties. Different from conventional varieties, the ear weight, ear grain weight, and theoretical yield of resistant variety Jigu35 were significantly increased by 7.8%-8.6%. This indicated that the Jigu35 has a strong resistance to imazethapyr by maintaining the stability of ALS activity, increasing CAT activity, enhancing the removal of H₂O₂, and reducing the membrane lipid peroxidation.
- imazethapyr /
- foxtail millet /
- herbicide-resistant variety Jigu35 /
- physiological characteristics /
- effect of yield

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图 1 咪唑乙烟酸对抗性品种冀谷35和常规品种冀谷38幼苗生长的影响

Figure 1. Effects of imazethapyr on seedling growth of resistant variety Jigu35 and conventional variety Jigu38

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图 2 咪唑乙烟酸对抗性及常规品种谷子地上部分鲜重的影响

JG35：冀谷35；JG21：晋谷21；JG59：晋谷59；JG38：冀谷38；JG41：冀谷41；LG39：龙谷39；CN44：长农44；ZG9：中谷9。同一品种间不同小写字母表示经独立样本t检验在α=0.05水平差异显著。

Figure 2. Effects of imazethapyr on aboveground fresh weight of the resistant and the conventional varieties of foxtail millet

JG35: Jigu35; JG21: Jin’gu21; JG59: Jin’gu59; JG38: Jigu38; JG41: Jigu41; LG39: Longgu39; CN44: Changnong44; ZG9: Zhonggu9. Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference between the treatments for the same variety at α=0. 05 level by independent sample t-test.

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图 3 咪唑乙烟酸对抗性及常规品种谷子叶片光合色素含量的影响

Figure 3. Effects of imazethapyr on the contents of photosynthetic pigments in leaves of the resistant and the conventional varieties of foxtail millet

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图 4 咪唑乙烟酸对抗性及常规品种谷子叶片抗氧化保护酶活性和丙二醛 (MDA) 含量的影响

Figure 4. Effects of imazethapyr on antioxidant protective enzyme activity and MDA content in the leaves of the resistant and the conventional varieties of foxtail millet

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图 5 咪唑乙烟酸对抗性品种冀谷35 (A) 及常规品种冀谷38 (B) 谷子叶片乙酰乳酸合成酶 (ALS) 活性的影响

同一品种间不同小写字母表示经独立样本t检验在α=0. 05水平差异显著。

Figure 5. Effects of imazethapyr on ALS activity in the leaves of the resistant variety JG35 (A) and the conventional variety Jigu38 (B) of foxtail millet

Different lowercase letters indicate a significant difference between the treatments for the same variety at α=0. 05 level by independent sample t-test.

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图 6 咪唑乙烟酸对抗性及常规品种谷子生理及产量构成指标影响的主成分分析 (A：物种变量；B：样方变量)

ETR：表观光合电子传递速率；Fv/Fm：最大光化学产量；Y(NPQ)：调节性能量耗散的量子产量；Y(NO)：非调节性能量耗散的量子产量；NPQ：非光化学淬灭系数；qP：光化学淬灭系数；SOD：超氧化物歧化酶；POD：过氧化物酶；CAT：过氧化氢酶；MDA：丙二醛；Chla：叶绿素a；Chlb：叶绿素b；Car：类胡萝卜素；FW：鲜重；EL：穗长；ED：穗粗；EW：穗重；EGW：穗粒重；1 000-GW：千粒重。JG35：冀谷35；JG21：晋谷21；JG59：晋谷59；JG38：冀谷38；JG41：冀谷41；LG39：龙谷39；CN44：长农44；ZG9：中谷9。

Figure 6. Principal component analysis of the effects of imazethapyr on physiological and yield components of the resistant and the conventional varieties of foxtail millet (A: Species variable; B: Samples variable)

ETR: apparent combined electron transfer rate; Fv/Fm: maximum photochemical yield; Y(NPQ): The quantum yield of regulatory energy dissipation; Y(NO): The quantum yield of non-regulatory energy dissipation; NPQ: Non-photochemical quenching coefficient; qP: Photochemical quenching coefficient; SOD: superoxide dismutase; POD: peroxidase; CAT: catalase; MDA: malondialdehyde; Chla: chlorophyll a; Chlb: chlorophyll b; Car: carotenoid; FW: Fresh weight; EL: Ear length; ED: Ear diameter; EW: Ear weight; EGW: Ear grain weight; 1 000-GW: 1 000-grain weight. JG35: Jigu35; JG21: Jin’gu21; JG59: Jin’gu59; JG38: Jigu38; JG41: Jigu41; LG39: Longgu39; CN44: Changnong44; ZG9: Zhonggu9.

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表 1 咪唑乙烟酸对抗性及常规品种谷子叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响

Table 1. Effects of imazethapyr on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in leaves of the resistant and the conventional varieties of foxtail millet

品种 Variety	表观光合电子传递速率 ETR/(μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹)		最大光化学产量 Fv/Fm		调节性能量耗散的量子产量 Y(NPQ)
品种 Variety	对照 CK	咪唑乙烟酸 imazethapyr	对照 CK	咪唑乙烟酸 imazethapyr	对照 CK	咪唑乙烟酸 imazethapyr
冀谷35 JG35	54.37±1.22 a	57.13±0.72 a	0.74±0.01 a	0.76±0.00 a	0.06±0.01 a	0.05±0.01 a
晋谷21 JG21	56.20±0.31 a	44.50±0.55 b	0.76±0.00 a	0.70±0.00 b	0.07±0.00 b	0.18±0.02 a
晋谷59 JG59	54.33±0.52 a	34.23±1.75 b	0.75±0.01 a	0.56±0.01 b	0.05±0.00 b	0.14±0.00 a
冀谷38 JG38	52.07±1.87 a	39.93±2.04 b	0.71±0.02 a	0.66±0.01 b	0.08±0.01 b	0.19±0.05 a
冀谷41 JG41	53.37±1.05 a	42.47±0.20 b	0.76±0.00 a	0.70±0.00 b	0.10±0.02 b	0.21±0.00 a
龙谷39 LG39	47.20±1.30 a	36.10±2.21 b	0.66±0.00 a	0.59±0.02 b	0.09±0.01 b	0.19±0.02 a
长农44 CN44	56.93±0.37 a	39.90±1.25 b	0.75±0.00 a	0.70±0.02 b	0.06±0.00 b	0.25±0.02 a
中谷9 ZG9	51.40±0.51 a	36.67±0.67 b	0.70±0.00 a	0.62±0.00 b	0.08±0.01 b	0.21±0.00 a

品种 Variety	非调节性能量耗散的量子产量 Y(NO)		光化学淬灭系数 qP		非光化学淬灭系数 NPQ
品种 Variety	对照 CK	咪唑乙烟酸 imazethapyr	对照 CK	咪唑乙烟酸 imazethapyr	对照 CK	咪唑乙烟酸 imazethapyr
冀谷35 JG35	0.34±0.01 a	0.32±0.02 a	0.85±0.01 a	0.86±0.02 a	0.17±0.01 a	0.15±0.03 a
晋谷21 JG21	0.31±0.00 a	0.32±0.01 a	0.87±0.01 a	0.83±0.00 b	0.23±0.01 b	0.57±0.07 a
晋谷59 JG59	0.35±0.01 b	0.48±0.01 a	0.84±0.00 a	0.76±0.00 b	0.14±0.01 b	0.29±0.07 a
冀谷38 JG38	0.34±0.02 a	0.36±0.03 a	0.87±0.01 a	0.80±0.02 b	0.24±0.04 b	0.57±0.19 a
冀谷41 JG41	0.31±0.01 a	0.32±0.00 a	0.86±0.00 a	0.80±0.01 b	0.32±0.07 b	0.67±0.01 a
龙谷39 LG39	0.39±0.00 a	0.41±0.00 a	0.86±0.01 a	0.81±0.03 a	0.23±0.04 b	0.46±0.03 a
长农44 CN44	0.31±0.00 a	0.31±0.00 a	0.89±0.00 a	0.80±0.01 b	0.19±0.01 b	0.81±0.08 a
中谷9 ZG9	0.35±0.01 b	0.39±0.00 a	0.87±0.00 a	0.80±0.01 b	0.24±0.04 b	0.54±0.01 a
注：表中数据为平均值±标准误。同一品种间不同小写字母表示经独立样本t检验在α=0.05水平差异显著。Note: Data are mean ± SE. Different lowercase letters indicate that the difference is significant between the treatments for the same variety at the level of α=0.05 by the independent sample t-test.

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表 2 咪唑乙烟酸对抗性及常规品种谷子产量构成的影响

Table 2. Effects of imazethapyr on yield composition of the resistant and the conventional varieties of foxtail millet

品种 Variety	穗长 Ear length/cm		穗粗 Ear diameter/mm		穗重 Ear weight/g
品种 Variety	对照 CK	咪唑乙烟酸 imazethapyr	对照 CK	咪唑乙烟酸 imazethapyr	对照 CK	咪唑乙烟酸 imazethapyr
冀谷35 JG35	19.63±0.26 a	18.97±0.12 a	26.72±0.34 b	28.55±0.20 a	18.63±0.45 b	20.24±0.32 a
晋谷21 JG21	27.93±0.73 a	12.20±0.25 b	31.43±0.59 a	15.70±0.25 b	36.25±1.01 a	3.66±0.14 b
晋谷59 JG59	21.03±0.46 a	12.60±0.31 b	29.46±0.12 a	20.16±0.59 b	31.97±0.78 a	6.89±0.74 b
冀谷38 JG38	24.17±0.34 a	13.63±0.26 b	31.31±0.87 a	18.98±0.31 b	22.24±0.34 a	5.63±0.41 b
冀谷41 JG41	20.50±0.50 a	14.67±0.27 b	18.98±0.31 b	16.53±0.26 b	24.11±0.14 a	7.82±0.58 b
龙谷39 LG39	23.77±0.38 a	11.93±0.35 b	33.72±0.30 a	14.86±0.76 b	37.80±1.70 a	4.97±0.17 b
长农44 CN44	22.57±0.67 a	14.40±0.40 b	28.55±0.68 a	19.93±0.18 b	26.86±1.03 a	9.45±0.67 b
中谷9 ZG9	25.37±0.57 a	13.67±0.50 b	27.36±0.20 a	18.61±0.19 b	24.44±0.79 a	4.07±0.36 b

品种 Variety	穗粒重 Ear grain weight/g		千粒重 1000-grain weight/g		理论产量 Theoretical yield/(kg/hm²)
品种 Variety	对照 CK	咪唑乙烟酸 imazethapyr	对照 CK	咪唑乙烟酸 imazethapyr	对照 CK	咪唑乙烟酸 imazethapyr
冀谷35 JG35	15.13±0.06 b	16.31±0.19 a	2.58±0.09 a	2.32±0.06 a	3176.60±12.62 b	3425.10±39.31 a
晋谷21 JG21	28.49±0.68 a	2.66±0.04 b	3.04±0.01 a	2.63±0.10 b	5128.20±122.62 a	478.20±7.94 b
晋谷59 JG59	26.88±0.82 a	5.37±0.77 b	2.43±0.12 a	2.50±0.05 a	4837.80±147.10 a	967.20±139.06 b
冀谷38 JG38	14.52±1.20 a	3.82±0.34 b	2.43±0.17 a	2.57±0.07 a	3049.90±251.81 a	801.50±71.07 b
冀谷41 JG41	18.68±0.65 a	6.08±0.43 b	2.82±0.05 a	2.76±0.05 a	3361.80±117.46 a	1093.80±78.13 b
龙谷39 LG39	28.94±0.93 a	3.85±0.18 b	2.94±0.05 a	2.82±0.04 a	5209.80±166.96 a	692.40±32.36 b
长农44 CN44	21.25±0.87 a	7.77±0.65 b	2.87±0.01 a	2.74±0.10 a	3824.40±157.21 a	1398.00±117.69 b
中谷9 ZG9	19.78±0.73 a	2.66±0.23 b	3.07±0.06 a	2.13±0.09 b	3560.40±130.63 a	478.80±41.52 b
注：表中数据为平均值±标准误差。同一品种间不同小写字母表示经独立样本t检验在α=0.05水平差异显著。Note: Data are mean ± SE. Different lowercase letters indicate that the difference is significant between the treatments for the same variety at the level of α=0.05 by the independent sample t-test.

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