作物叶片表面自由能及喷雾助剂对农药药液在5种作物叶片上润湿性能的影响

封云涛; 郭晓君; 李娅; 李光玉; 庾琴; 张润祥

doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2022.0054

作物叶片表面自由能及喷雾助剂对农药药液在5种作物叶片上润湿性能的影响

doi: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2022.0054

1.
山西省农业大学植物保护学院，农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室，太原 030031

基金项目: 山西农业大学学术恢复科研专项 (2020xshf10)；国家重点研发计划 (2016YFD0200505)；山西省面上青年基金项目 (201901D211569).

详细信息

作者简介:
封云涛，fyt52@126.com

通讯作者:
张润祥，zrxzyf@hotmail.com

中图分类号: TQ450.6；S482.92
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-01-19
- 录用日期: 2022-04-11
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-16
- 刊出日期: 2022-12-02

Effects of surface free energy of crops leaves and spry adjuvants on the wettability of pesticide solution on five crop leaves

1.
College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Taiyuan 030031, China

Funds: the Academic Restoration and Scientific Research Project of Shanxi Agricultural University(2020xshf10); National Key R&D Program of China(2016YFD0200505); Shanxi Provincial General Youth Fund Project (201901D211569).

摘要

摘要: 为了解不同作物叶片表面润湿性能，科学选用助剂提高化学防治水平，采用光学视频接触角测量仪分别测定了小麦、玉米、辣椒、大豆和苹果5种作物叶片的表面自由能及其分量，进一步测定了2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂和20%阿维 • 杀虫单微乳剂两种药液液滴在添加Silwet 408和GY-Spry两种喷雾助剂后其在5种作物叶片上的接触角。结果表明：5种作物叶片正反面表面自由能差异较大，表面自由能最大和最小的分别为辣椒叶片 (54.12、45.08 mJ/m²) 和小麦叶片 (3.76、6.42 mJ/m²)；同种作物叶片正反面表面自由能均有差异，其中辣椒叶片正反面和大豆叶片正面自由能以极性分量占主导，表现出亲水性，小麦、玉米、苹果叶片正反面及大豆叶片反面自由能以色散分量占主导，表现出疏水性。在2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂5000倍液和20%阿维 • 杀虫单微乳剂750倍液中分别添加两种助剂后，药液液滴在5种作物叶片上的接触角均有不同程度降低，其中添加Silwet 408后两种药液接触角分别降低82.63%~100%和85.07%~100%，添加GY-Spry后分别降低0~57.54%和10.96%~59.13%，说明添加Silwet 408比GY-Spry使接触角降低得更为显著；加入助剂的两钟药剂在5种作物叶面上接触角下降趋势一致，0~30 s内接触角下降程度明显高于30~60 s。本研究表明，喷雾助剂Silwet 408 和GY-Spry能提高2%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂和20%阿维 • 杀虫单微乳剂对5种靶标的润湿性，效果上Silwet 408 好于GY-Spry。
- 作物叶片 /
- 表面自由能 /
- 喷雾助剂 /
- 接触角 /
- 微乳剂 /
- 表面润湿性
Abstract: In order to understand the surface wettability of leaves of different crops and improve the efficiency of chemical control by the scientific selection of adjuvants, the surface free energy and its components of wheat, corn, pepper, soybean, and apple leaves were measured by optical video contact angle measuring instrument. The contact angles of 2% femamectin benzoate ME and 20% abamectin + monosultap ME on the leaves of the above five crops were measured. The results showed that there were great differences in the adaxial and abaxial surface free energy of five crop leaves. The maximum and minimum surface free energy were pepper leaves (54.12 and 45.08 mJ/m²) and wheat leaves (3.76 and 6.42 mJ/m²), respectively. There were differences in surface free energy of the adaxial and abaxial leaves of the same crop. The adaxial and abaxial free energy of pepper leaves and the adaxial free energy of soybean leaves are dominated by polarity component, manifesting hydrophilicity, while the adaxial and abaxial free energy of wheat, corn, apple, and the abaxial free energy of soybean leaves are dominated by dispersion component, manifesting hydrophobicity. When Silwet 408 and GY-Spry were added to the 5000-fold solution of 2% femamectin benzoate ME and 750-fold solution of 20% abamectin + monosultap ME, the contact angle of the solution on the leaves of five crops decreased to varying levels. After adding Silwet 408, the contact angles of the two solutions decreased by 82.63%-100% and 85.07%-100% respectively. With the addition of GY-Spry, they decreased by 0-57.54% and 10.96%-59.13% respectively. The addition of Silwet 408 decreased the contact angle more significantly than GY-Spry. The decreasing trend of contact angle of the two insecticides added with adjuvants on the leaf surface of five crops was the same, and the decreasing trend of contact angle in 0-30 s was significantly higher than that in 30-60 s. Both Silwet 408 and GY-Spry improve the wettability of 2% femamectin benzoate ME and 20% abamectin + monosultap ME to five targets, and Silwet 408 is superior to GY-Spry.
- crop leaves /
- surface free energy /
- spry adjuvants /
- contact angle /
- microemulsion /
- surface wettability

HTML全文

表 1 五种作物叶片采集信息

Table 1. Five kinds of crop leaves collection details

作物 Crop	品种 Variety	叶片时期 Leaf blade period	采样时间　　 Collection time	采样地点 Collection site
小麦 Wheat	晋太 102 Jintai 102	拔节期 Jointing stage	2020.05.19 May 19th, 2020	山西省榆次市东阳镇 Dongyang Town, Yuci City, Shanxi Province
玉米 Corn	晋单 86 Jindan 86	拔节期 Jointing stage	2020.05.26 May 26th, 2020	山西省榆次市东阳镇 Dongyang Town, Yuci City, Shanxi Province
辣椒 Pepper	红泽 1 号 Hongze 1	结果期 Fruiting stage	2020.07.20 July 20th, 2020	山西农业大学龙城校区试验温室 Shanxi Agricultural University Longcheng Campus Experimental Greenhouse
大豆 Soybean	晋豆 19 号 Jindou 19	幼苗期 (4~8片复叶) Seedling stage (4-8 compound leaves)	2020.05.10 May 10th, 2020	山西农业大学龙城校区试验温室 Shanxi Agricultural University Longcheng Campus Experimental Greenhouse
苹果 Apple	红富士 Fuji apple	果实膨大期 Fruit expansion stage	2021.06.25 June 25th, 2021	山西省榆次市东阳镇 Dongyang Town, Yuci City, Shanxi Province

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表 2 五种作物叶片的表面自由能及其分量

Table 2. Surface free energy and its dispersion and polarity of five crop leaves

作物　　 Crop	叶面 Leaf surface	接触角 (30 s) Contact angle (30 s)/(°)			表面自由能 Surface free energy/ (mJ/m²)	色散分量 (所占比例/%) Dispersion (Proportion/%)/ (mJ/m²)	极性分量 (所占比例/%) Polarity (Proportion/%)/ (mJ/m²)
作物　　 Crop	叶面 Leaf surface	N,N-二甲基甲酰胺 DMF	乙二醇 Ethylene glycol	自来水 Running water	表面自由能 Surface free energy/ (mJ/m²)	色散分量 (所占比例/%) Dispersion (Proportion/%)/ (mJ/m²)	极性分量 (所占比例/%) Polarity (Proportion/%)/ (mJ/m²)
小麦 Wheat	正面 Adaxial leaf	119.26 ± 0.67	120.06 ± 1.21	124.31 ± 0.66	3.76	2.19(58.24)	1.56(41.76)
小麦 Wheat	反面 Abaxial leaf	112.22 ± 1.03	106.50 ± 0.89	117.82 ± 0.24	6.42	5.06(78.80)	1.36(21.20)
玉米 Corn	正面 Adaxial leaf	83.61 ± 0.22	75.40 ± 0.56	127.01 ± 0.67	22.69	21.64(95.37)	1.05 (4.63)
玉米 Corn	反面 Abaxial leaf	81.12 ± 0.82	76.71 ± 0.77	124.14 ± 0.58	17.83	15.35(86.09)	2.48(13.91)
辣椒 Pepper	正面 Adaxial leaf	60.50 ± 0.98	57.74 ± 0.85	50.32 ± 1.02	54.12	2.30(4.25)	51.82(95.75)
辣椒 Pepper	反面 Abaxial leaf	47.12 ± 0.33	46.77 ± 0.35	53.94 ± 0.36	45.08	10.91(24.20)	34.17(75.80)
大豆 Soybean	正面 Adaxial leaf	47.79 ± 0.63	53.01 ± 1.18	61.16 ± 0.86	39.28	13.60(34.62)	25.67(65.38)
大豆 Soybean	反面 Abaxial leaf	92.93 ± 0.87	88.00 ± 1.16	104.13 ± 0.87	13.15	9.75(74.14)	3.41(25.86)
苹果 Apple	正面 Adaxial leaf	58.70 ± 0.56	55.19 ± 0.87	70.42 ± 1.02	41.08	35.26(85.83)	5.82(14.17)
苹果 Apple	反面 Abaxial leaf	70.91 ± 0.85	60.70 ± 0.93	108.85 ± 0.51	38.57	38.28 (99.24)	0.29(0.76)

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表 3 自来水及其添加喷雾助剂后在5种作物叶片上0~60 s静态接触角

Table 3. The static contact angle of running water with and without adjuvants on the leaves of five different crops within 0-60 s

作物 Crop	叶面 Leaf surface	接触角 (0~60 s) Contact angle (0-60 s)/(°)
作物 Crop	叶面 Leaf surface	自来水 Running water	自来水 + 0.03% Silwet 408 Running water + 0.03% Silwet 408	自来水 + 0.3% GY-Spry Running water + 0.3% GY-Spry
小麦 Wheat	正面 Adaxial leaf	128.67~127.57	71.94~14.90	96.06~60.39
小麦 Wheat	反面 Abaxial leaf	114.80~113.49	45.63~11.61	99.13~52.99
玉米 Corn	正面 Adaxial leaf	129.69~129.13	98.78~18.29	111.69~81.32
玉米 Corn	反面 Abaxial leaf	123.35~122.85	79.39~16.12	111.16~75.39
辣椒 Pepper	正面 Adaxial leaf	83.57~76.42	48.04~10.39	70.81~46.80
辣椒 Pepper	反面 Abaxial leaf	77.37~77.43	49.66~10.43	63.36~39.62
大豆 Soybean	正面 Adaxial leaf	104.33~102.40	62.53~0	95.38~58.92
大豆 Soybean	反面 Abaxial leaf	112.72~112.54	68.39~0	101.9~60.49
苹果 Apple	正面 Adaxial leaf	94.49~89.78	43.91~0	71.29~41.23
苹果 Apple	反面 Abaxial leaf	124.82~121.49	51.07~0	65.93~28.26

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表 4 两种药剂及其添加喷雾助剂后在5种作物叶片上0~60 s静态接触角

Table 4. The static contact angle of two pesticides with and without adjuvants on the leaves of five different crops within 0-60 s

作物 Crop	叶面 Leaf surface	接触角 (0~30~60 s) Contact angle (0-30-60 s)/(°)
		2% 甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐微乳剂 5000 倍 emamectin benzoate 2% ME 5000 times			20% 阿维 • 杀虫单微乳剂 750 倍 abamectin + monosultap 20% ME 750 times
		--	+ 0.03% Silwet 408	+ 0.3% GY-Spry	--	+ 0.03% Silwet 408	+ 0.3% GY-Spry
小麦 Wheat	正面 Adaxial leaf	132.85~122.37	56.45~18.69~0	118.84~88.84~79.76	96.91~78.00	64.85~10.62~0	100.38~71.76~65.39
小麦 Wheat	反面 Abaxial leaf	121.97~99.44	50.39~11.11~0	100.89~68.55~61.26	115.71~96.73	48.95~10.48~0	112.08~83.51~76.73
玉米 Corn	正面 Adaxial leaf	124.24~116.75	81.63~19.79~14.93	122.53~118.85~116.16	91.48~68.03	83.16~14.18~10.16	68.62~60.46~57.79
玉米 Corn	反面 Abaxial leaf	114.43~108.07	59.23~17.02~14.09	119.28~113.43~109.34	103.53~74.11	74.03~14.54~10.19	71.95~62.21~57.77
辣椒 Pepper	正面 Adaxial leaf	89.39~75.88	53.00~15.52~9.53	71.55~51.61~46.46	77.73~61.91	34.04~5.11~0	68.78~52.39~48.45
辣椒 Pepper	反面 Abaxial leaf	88.20~71.20	54.61~17.64~12.37	59.67~45.42~43.23	77.52~62.19	28.53~8.37~5.72	70.49~54.46~50.46
大豆 Soybean	正面 Adaxial leaf	96.45~93.62	54.46~0~0	84.95~48.14~44.02	102.79~81.11	48.99~0~0	80.60~73.74~72.22
大豆 Soybean	反面 Abaxial leaf	110.83~106.47	53.50~0~0	89.11~58.79~50.6	106.99~88.71	66.78~0~0	101.77~81.04~75.86
苹果 Apple	正面 Adaxial leaf	70.34~50.31	47.60~0~0	72.02~46.23~36.09	75.45~53.91	42.73~0~0	70.30~49.69~45.96
苹果 Apple	反面 Abaxial leaf	123.56~62.03	48.05~0~0	70.06~33.67~26.34	109.2~67.43	41.02~0~0	65.40~34.54~27.56

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