大葱种子丸粒化及性能研究

马英剑; 陈罗云; 臧吉强; 段警博; 赵家祥; 郭鑫宇; 徐勇; 吴学民

doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2022.0083

大葱种子丸粒化及性能研究

doi: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2022.0083

1.
中国农业大学理学院应用化学系农药创新研究中心，北京 100193

详细信息

作者简介:
马英剑，mayingjian98@163.com

陈罗云，1410060313@cau.edu.cn

通讯作者:
吴学民，wuxuemin@cau.edu.cn

中图分类号: S351.1；TQ450.6
计量
- 文章访问数: 376
- HTML全文浏览量: 182
- PDF下载量: 70
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-03-16
- 录用日期: 2022-08-14
- 网络出版日期: 2022-08-30
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-10

Study on seed pelleting and performance of welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.)

1.
Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

摘要

摘要: 种子丸粒化是种子包衣的重要类型，与常规的种子包衣相比，种子丸粒化不仅可以改变种子形状，使种子外形标准化，而且有效成分携带量更大、有效成分间相容性更好。本研究以不规则的大葱种子为对象，考察了不同填料及黏结剂用于种子丸粒化的性能，在获得优化配方的基础上，对所制备丸粒的微观结构进行了表征。结果表明：将硬脂酸镁和滑石粉按质量比1 : 2混合后作为填料，以质量分数为1%的羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液作为黏结剂时，较适合用于大葱种子的丸粒化，所制得的丸粒各项指标合格，符合种子丸粒化的要求。微观结构电镜观察表明，采用不同填料制备的丸粒在微观结构上存在明显差异，填料间的结合越紧密，丸粒的强度越大。添加农药对丸粒化种子的影响评估结果表明，合理添加适宜的农药对种子发芽影响较小。本研究通过宏观性质与微观结构相结合，进一步丰富了种子丸粒化研究基础理论，对提高精量化播种和规范化种植水平具有一定参考价值。
- 大葱 /
- 种子包衣 /
- 丸粒化 /
- 填料 /
- 黏结剂 /
- 硬脂酸镁 /
- 羧甲基纤维素钠
Abstract: Seed pelleting is among the important types of seed coating. Compared with conventional seed coating, seed pelletization not only changes the seed shape and standardizes the seed appearance but also carries a larger amount of active ingredients with better compatibility. In this study, the irregular welsh onion (Allium fistulosum L.) seeds were pelletized, the performances of different fillers and binders for seed pellet granulation were investigated, and the microstructures of the prepared pellets with the optimized formulations were characterized. The results showed that the application of magnesium stearate mixed with talcum powder at a mass ratio of 1 : 2 as a filter and 1% CMC solution as a binder was favorable for the pelletizing of welsh onion seeds. The pelleted seeds were qualified in all indexes and met the standards of seed pelletization. The SEM observations of microstructures showed that there are significant differences among the pellets prepared by different fillers, and the tighter the bonding between fillers, the greater the strength of the pellets. The quality assessment of the pelletized seeds with pesticides showed that the reasonable addition of appropriate pesticides had little effect on seed germination. This study enriches the basic theory of seed pelleting via the combined evaluation of macroscopic properties and microstructures and provides a useful guideline for the improvements of precision sowing and standardized planting.
- Allium fistulosum L. /
- seed coating /
- seed pelleting /
- fillers /
- binders /
- magnesium stearate /
- sodium carboxymethyl cellulose

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图 1 大葱种子

Figure 1. Seeds of welsh onion

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 采用不同组分填料制得的丸粒化种子

注：填料F1~F12组成见表1 。

Figure 2. Pelleted seeds prepared with different fillers

Note: The compositions of fillers F1-F12 are shown in Table 1.

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图 3 采用不同黏结剂制得的丸粒化种子

注：CK为未丸粒化种子。

Figure 3. Pelleting seeds prepared with different binders

Note: CK indicates un-pelleted seeds.

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图 4 以1% CMC溶液作为黏结剂、采用填料F11制备的丸粒的扫描电镜照片

注：A、B、C为丸粒内部形态，D、E、F为丸粒表面形态。填料F11组成见表1。

Figure 4. SEM images of pellets prepared with 1% CMC solution as binder and F11 as filler

Note: A, B, and C are internal images of pellets；D, E, and F are surface images of pellets. The compositions of fillers F11 is shown in Table 1.

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图 5 以1% CMC溶液作为黏结剂、采用填料F5制备的丸粒的扫描电镜照片

注：A、B、C为丸粒内部形态，D、E、F为丸粒表面形态。填料F5组成见表1。

Figure 5. SEM images of pellets prepared with 1% CMC solution as binder and F5 as filler

Note: A, B, and C are internal images of pellets；D, E, and F are surface images of pellets. The compositions of fillers F5 is shown in Table 1.

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图 6 采用填料F11和F5制备的丸粒其孔容和孔面积随孔径的分布情况

注：填料F11和F5组成见表1。

Figure 6. Distribution of pore volumes and pore areas of pellets prepared by F11 and F5 with pore sizes

Note: The compositions of fillers F11 and F5 are shown in Table 1.

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表 1 丸粒化填料组分筛选

Table 1. Screening of pelletized filler components

编号 Number	硬脂酸镁 Magnesium stearate/g	硅藻土 Diatomaceous earth/g	膨润土 Bentonite/g	高岭土 Kaolin/g	滑石粉 Talc/g
F1	25.00	75.00	—	—	—
F2	33.33	66.67	—	—	—
F3	50.00	50.00	—	—	—
F4	25.00	—	75.00	—	—
F5	33.33	—	66.67	—	—
F6	50.00	—	50.00	—	—
F7	25.00	—	—	75.00	—
F8	33.33	—	—	66.67	—
F9	50.00	—	—	50.00	—
F10	25.00	—	—	—	75.00
F11	33.33	—	—	—	66.67
F12	50.00	—	—	—	50.00

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表 2 由不同组分填料制备的丸粒的物理指标测定结果

Table 2. The physical indexes of pellets prepared with different fillers

填料 Filler	抗压强度 Compression strength/N	有籽率 Filled rate/ %	单籽率 Rate of single seed/%
F1	7.7 ± 0.7 d	96.00 ± 1.63 b	70.67 ± 3.77 f
F2	6.5 ± 0.9 e	96.67 ± 1.89 ab	76.67 ± 2.49 e
F3	5.3 ± 0.8 fg	98.67 ± 0.94 ab	88.00 ± 1.63 cd
F4	20.9 ± 2.0 a	97.33 ± 0.94 ab	46.47 ± 1.89 h
F5	16.4 ± 1.6 b	97.33 ± 2.49 ab	64.00 ± 4.90 g
F6	10.6 ± 1.4 c	99.33 ± 0.94 ab	84.00 ± 1.63 d
F7	4.1 ± 0.4 h	97.33 ± 0.94 ab	90.00 ± 3.27 bcd
F8	3.3 ± 0.6 i	98.00 ± 1.63 ab	86.67 ± 2.49 cd
F9	2.7 ± 0.5 i	98.67 ± 0.94 ab	92.00 ± 4.32 abc
F10	5.9 ± 0.9 ef	98.67 ± 1.89 ab	96.00 ± 1.63 ab
F11	5.0 ± 0.8 g	100.00 ± 0.00 a	97.33 ± 0.94 a
F12	4.0 ± 0.5 h	99.33 ± 0.94 ab	95.33 ± 2.49 ab
注：填料F1~F12组成见表1；表中数据为平均值 ± 标准差 (n = 3)；同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P < 0.05)。Note: The compositions of fillers F1-F12 are shown in Table 1. Data in the table are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). Different lowercase indicated significant differences among the same column data(P < 0.05).

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表 3 丸粒化种子发芽率和发芽势测定结果

Table 3. The germination rates and germination potentials of pelletized seeds

填料 Filler	发芽率 Germination rate/%	发芽势 Germination potential/%
CK	89.33 ± 2.49 a	70.67 ± 3.40 a
F1	84.90 ± 0.17 ab	66.42 ± 1.98 ab
F2	84.66 ± 2.42 ab	66.29 ± 1.88 ab
F3	83.74 ± 2.53 b	66.82 ± 2.74 ab
F4	70.89 ± 4.46 d	45.78 ± 1.97 d
F5	75.11 ± 2.36 cd	51.76 ± 0.77 c
F6	78.40 ± 1.96 c	56.30 ± 2.03 c
F7	83.82 ± 0.32 b	63.47 ± 3.30 b
F8	84.72 ± 1.98 ab	64.60 ± 1.67 ab
F9	83.74 ± 1.85 b	64.36 ± 2.83 b
F10	89.01 ± 1.94 ab	68.97 ± 3.63 ab
F11	88.30 ± 1.68 ab	68.80 ± 3.42 ab
F12	88.98 ± 2.11 ab	68.34 ± 2.44 ab
注：CK为未丸粒化的种子，填料F1~F12组成见表1；表中数据为平均值 ± 标准差 (n = 3)；同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P < 0.05)。 Note: CK indicates un-pelleted seeds. The compositions of fillers F1-F12 are shown in Table 1. Data in the table are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). Different lowercase indicated significant differences among the same column data (P < 0.05).

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表 4 采用不同黏结剂制备的丸粒化种子的物理指标测定结果

Table 4. The physical indexes of pellets prepared with different binders

黏结剂 Binder	抗压强度 Compression strength/N	有籽率 Filled rate/%	单籽率 Rate of single seed/%
1% 羧甲基纤维素钠 1% CMC	5.0 ± 1.0 a	100.00 ± 0.00 a	97.33 ± 1.89 a
1% 壳聚糖 1% CS	4.9 ± 0.8 a	98.67 ± 0.94 a	76.67 ± 4.11 b
1% 海藻酸钠 1% SA	3.4 ± 0.6 c	100.00 ± 0.00 a	92.00 ± 3.27 a
1% 聚乙烯醇 1% PVA	3.6 ± 0.7 c	98.00 ± 1.63 a	77.33 ± 4.71 b
10% 聚乙二醇6000 10% PEG 6000	4.3 ± 0.9 b	98.67 ± 0.94 a	94.00 ± 1.63 a
注：表中数据为平均值 ± 标准差 (n = 3)；同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P < 0.05)。Note: Data in the table are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). Different lowercase indicated significant differences among the same column data (P < 0.05).

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表 5 采用不同黏结剂制备的丸粒化种子的发芽率和发芽势测定结果

Table 5. The germination rates and germination potentials of pellet seeds prepared with different binders

黏结剂 Binder	发芽率 Germination rate/%	发芽势 Germination potential/%
CK	89.33 ± 2.49 a	70.67 ± 3.40 a
1% 羧甲基纤维素钠 1% CMC	88.31 ± 4.62 a	68.70 ± 5.07 a
1% 壳聚糖 1% CS	63.86 ± 1.40 c	40.79 ± 2.41 c
1% 海藻酸钠 1% SA	86.03 ± 4.45 a	69.92 ± 2.32 a
1% 聚乙烯醇 1% PVA	86.18 ± 2.76 a	67.34 ± 2.46 a
10% 聚乙二醇6000 10% PEG 6000	71.75 ± 2.83 b	49.31 ± 3.19 b
注：CK为未丸粒化的种子；表中数据为平均值 ± 标准差 (n = 3)；同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P < 0.05)。Note: CK indicates un-pelleted seeds. Data in the table are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). Different lowercase indicated significant differences among the same column data (P < 0.05).

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表 6 采用较优配方制备的丸粒化种子的质量控制指标测定结果

Table 6. The quality control indexes of pelleted seeds prepared with a better formula

质量控制指标 Quality control index	测定结果 Determination result
外观 Appearance	白色小球，表面较光滑，无明显粗糙感 White spherical particles with a smooth surface and no obvious roughness
丸粒直径 Diameter of pellets/mm	3.39 ± 0.32
均匀度 Uniformity/%	94.75 ± 0.54
千粒重 Thousand-grain weight/g	29.823 ± 0.861
增重倍数 Weight gain multiple	9.679 ± 0.284
崩解率 (24 h) Cracking rate (24 h) /%	99.33 ± 0.94
抗压强度 Compression strength/N	5.0 ± 1.0
有籽率 Filled rate/%	100.00 ± 0.00
单籽率 Rate of single seed/%	97.33 ± 1.89
含水量 Water content/%	2.36 ± 0.03
发芽率 Germination rate/%	88.31 ± 4.62
发芽势 Germination potential/%	68.70 ± 5.07

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表 7 采用填料F11和F5制备的丸粒的孔径分析结果

Table 7. The pore size analysis of pellets prepared with filler F11 and F5

填料 Filler	孔隙率 Porosity/%	平均孔径 Average pore size/nm	孔体积中径 Pore volume medium diameter/nm	孔面积中径 Pore area medium diameter/nm	总孔面积 Total pore/ (m²/g)
F11	33.7598	147.15	1399.57	48.68	8.389
F5	18.6392	48.82	2879.83	16.61	11.732
注：填料F5和F11组成见表1。Note: The compositions of fillers F5 and F11 are shown in Table 1.

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表 8 添加不同浓度吡唑醚菌酯后丸粒化种子的发芽情况

Table 8. The germination of pelleted seeds with different concentrations of pyraclostrobin

吡唑醚菌酯浓度 Conc. of pyraclostrobin/(g/kg)	发芽率 Germination rate/%	发芽势 Germination potential/%
CK	89.33 ± 2.49 a	70.67 ± 3.40 a
0	88.31 ± 4.62 a	68.70 ± 5.07 a
1	88.00 ± 3.46 a	68.00 ± 2.00 a
3	88.67 ± 4.16 a	68.67 ± 4.16 a
6	87.33 ± 3.06 a	67.33 ± 3.06 a
注：CK为未丸粒化的种子；表中数据为平均值 ± 标准差 (n = 3)；同列数据后不同小写字母表示差异显著 (P < 0.05)。Note: CK indicates un-pelleted seeds. Data in the table are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). Different lowercase indicated significant differences among the same column data (P < 0.05).

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