Bioactivities of boscalid, etc. eight fungicides against
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摘要: 采用生物测定方法分析了烟草叶斑病菌Didymella segeticola在菌丝生长阶段对8种杀菌剂 (啶酰菌胺、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、氟硅唑、多菌灵、咪鲜胺、菌核净和代森锰锌) 的敏感性，同时通过离体叶片法测定了8种杀菌剂对烟草叶斑病的保护和治疗作用。结果表明：供试8种杀菌剂对D. segeticola菌丝生长表现出不同的抑制活性，同时对其引起的病害具有一定的保护和治疗作用。抑菌活性最强的是啶酰菌胺，其平均EC50值为 (0.0470 ± 0.0120) mg/L；其次依次为苯醚甲环唑[ (0.0790 ± 0.0050) mg/L]、咪鲜胺[ (0.29 ± 0.08) mg/L]、丙环唑[ (0.69 ± 0.12) mg/L]、菌核净[ (1.08 ± 0.33) mg/L]、多菌灵[ (1.22 ± 0.29) mg/L]、氟硅唑[ (1.38 ± 0.07) mg/L]；代森锰锌的抑菌活性最弱[ (22.80 ± 10.51) mg/L]。进一步研究表明，氟硅唑、苯醚甲环唑、丙环唑、啶酰菌胺、菌核净和多菌灵对烟草叶斑病保护作用较强，25 mg/L药剂质量浓度处理下防效均 >82%；100 mg/L代森锰锌处理下防效为70.51%。啶酰菌胺和氟硅唑对叶斑病具有较好的治疗活性，25 mg/L下防效均 >80%；其次为咪鲜胺、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵和菌核净；代森锰锌的治疗作用较差，100 mg/L下的防效仅为63.31%。研究结果可为烟草叶斑病防治药剂筛选提供参考和依据。
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关键词:
- 叶斑病菌Didymella segeticola /
- 烟草叶斑病 /
- 杀菌剂 /
- 啶酰菌胺 /
- 生物活性
Abstract: Bioactivities of eight fungicides (boscalid, difenoconazole, propiconazole, flusilazole, carbendazim, prochloraz, dimethachlon, mancozeb) to the pathogen of a tobacco leaf spot, Didymella segeticola, were determined using bioassay method at the mycelial growth stage. In vivo protective and curative effects of these fungicides against D. segeticolla on detached tabbaco leaves were also analyzed. The results showed that eight fungicides exhibited different inhibitory activities against mycelial growth of the pathogen, and also showed some protective and curative efficacies against the leaf spot. The most effecient one against mycelial growth of the pathogen was boscalid, with an EC50 value of (0.0470 ± 0.0120) mg/L; followed by difenoconazole [(0.0790 ± 0.0050) mg/L], prochloraz [(0.29 ± 0.08) mg/L], propiconazole [(0.69 ± 0.12) mg/L], dimethachlon [(1.08 ± 0.33) mg/L], carbendazim [(1.22 ± 0.29) mg/L], flusilazole [(1.38 ± 0.07) mg/L]; and most least effecient one was mancozeb with an EC50 value of (22.80 ± 10.51) mg/L. Flusilazole, difenoconazole, propiconazole, boscalid and dimethachlon all had better protective activity for the control of this disease with >82% efficacy at 25 mg/L dosage treatment than 100 mg/L mancozeb showed 70.51% efficacy. Both boscalid and flusilazole showed better curative activities, with efficacies of >80% at 25 mg/L dosage treatment, followed by prochloraz, difenoconazole, carbendazim and dimethachlon; mancozeb showed relatively poor activity with 63.31% efficacy at 100 mg/L dosage treatment. The results provide scientific basis and reference for the screening of fungicides to control tobacco leaf spot.-
Key words:
- Didymella segeticola /
- tobacco leaf spot /
- fungicide /
- boscalid /
- bioactivity
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表 1 8种杀菌剂对Didymella segeticola菌丝生长的抑制作用
Table 1. Inhibitory effects of eight fungicides on the mycelial growth of Didymella segeticola
杀菌剂
Fungicide菌株
Isolate毒力回归方程
Toxicity regression equation相关系数
rEC50/
(mg/L)EC50 平均值
Average value of EC50/(mg/L)啶酰菌胺
boscalidYBZ 121 y = 1.80x + 2.29 0.97 0.0550 0.0470 ± 0.0120 a YBZ 221 y = 2.16x + 2.76 0.96 0.0530 YBZ 111 y = 2.92x + 4.28 0.96 0.0330 苯醚甲环唑
ifenoconazoleYBZ 121 y = 1.13x + 1.17 0.97 0.0850 0.0790 ± 0.0050 a YBZ 221 y = 1.32x + 1.47 0.98 0.0780 YBZ 111 y = 1.39x + 1.59 0.98 0.0750 丙环唑
propiconazoleYBZ 121 y = 0.76x + 0.10 0.99 0.73 0.69 ± 0.12 b YBZ 221 y = 0.87x + 0.09 0.99 0.79 YBZ 111 y = 0.98x + 0.25 0.99 0.56 氟硅唑
flusilazoleYBZ 121 y = 1.08x − 0.16 0.99 1.41 1.38 ± 0.07 c YBZ 221 y = 0.84x − 0.13 0.98 1.42 YBZ 111 y = 1.16x − 0.13 0.99 1.30 多菌灵
carbendazimYBZ 121 y = 3.88x − 0.37 0.99 1.23 1.22 ± 0.29 c YBZ 221 y = 5.55x − 0.96 0.99 1.51 YBZ 111 y = 5.05x + 0.19 0.99 0.93 咪鲜胺
prochlorazYBZ 121 y = 0.96x + 0.64 0.99 0.22 0.29 ± 0.08 b YBZ 221 y = 1.04x + 0.44 0.98 0.38 YBZ 111 y = 1.60x + 0.94 0.97 0.26 菌核净
dimethachlonYBZ 121 y = 2.26x + 0.10 0.97 0.94 1.08±0.33 c YBZ 221 y = 0.68x + 0.11 0.99 1.45 YBZ 111 y = 2.07x + 0.21 0.97 0.84 代森锰锌
mancozebYBZ 121 y = 1.30x − 1.44 0.99 12.88 22.80 ± 10.51 d YBZ 221 y = 0.53x − 0.71 0.99 21.71 YBZ 111 y = 1.12x − 1.71 0.97 33.82 注：表中不同小写字母表示处理间存在显著性差异 (P < 0.05)。Note: Data followed by different lowercase was a significant difference between each other (P < 0.05). 
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表 2 8种杀剂对烟草Didymella segeticola叶斑病的保护和治疗作用
Table 2. Protective and curative effects of eight fungicides against D. segeticola leaf spot
杀菌剂
Fungicide质量浓度
Mass conc./
(mg/L)保护作用防效
Protective
efficacy/%治疗作用防效
Curative
efficacy/%啶酰菌胺
boscalid100 93.50 ab 87.40 ab 25 87.84 bc 82.86 ab 苯醚甲环唑
difenoconazole100 94.35 ab 89.20 a 25 89.63 bc 76.00 b 丙环唑
propiconazole100 94.12 ab 91.82 a 25 85.83 bc 63.23 c 氟硅唑
flusilazole100 95.81 ab 84.60 ab 25 90.90 bc 80.41 ab 多菌灵
carbendazim100 95.52 ab 82.43 ab 25 82.74 c 77.52 b 咪鲜胺
prochloraz200 79.90 c 87.62 ab 50 73.12 d 85.24 ab 菌核净
dimethachlon100 99.42 a 78.93 ab 25 88.60 bc 54.22 c 代森锰锌
mancozeb400 88.00 bc 79.50 ab 100 70.51 d 63.31 c 注：表中不同小写字母表示处理间存在显著性差异 (P < 0.05)。Note: Data followed by different lowercase was a significant difference between each other(P < 0.05).
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