假禾谷镰孢引起的小麦茎基腐病发生危害与防控研究进展

李怡文; 李桂香; 黄中乔; 苗建强; 刘西莉

doi:10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2022.0110

假禾谷镰孢引起的小麦茎基腐病发生危害与防控研究进展

doi: 10.16801/j.issn.1008-7303.2022.0110

李怡文^1,,
李桂香¹,
黄中乔²,
苗建强^1, ,,
刘西莉^{1, 2, ,}

1.
西北农林科技大学植物保护学院，陕西杨凌 712100
2.
中国农业大学植物保护学院，北京 100193

基金项目: 陕西省创新人才推进计划-科技创新团队项目 (2020TD-035).

详细信息

作者简介:
李怡文，liyiwendec@foxmail.com

通讯作者:
苗建强，mjq2018@nwafu.edu.cn

刘西莉，seedling@nwafu.edu.cn

中图分类号: S435.121；S482.2
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- 文章访问数: 596
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-09-05
- 录用日期: 2022-09-14
- 网络出版日期: 2022-09-22
- 刊出日期: 2022-10-10

Research progress on the occurrence, damage and prevention of Fusarium crown rot caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum

LI Yiwen^1
,,
LI Guixiang¹,
HUANG Zhongqiao²,
MIAO Jianqiang^{1
, ,},
LIU Xili^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, China
2.
College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China

Funds: Innovation Capability Support Plan of Shaanxi Province (2020TD-035).

摘要

摘要: 小麦茎基腐病近年来在我国发生日趋严重，不但威胁我国粮食安全，还存在真菌毒素污染的潜在威胁，危害人畜健康。本文概述了小麦茎基腐病的危害现状以及在不同地区引起该病害的优势镰孢菌种类，明确了假禾谷镰孢Fusarium pseudograminearum在我国多个小麦主产区已逐渐上升为茎基腐病的优势病原。在此基础上，进一步分析了假禾谷镰孢的侵染循环和遗传多样性，揭示了小麦茎基腐病严重发生与土壤中的病原菌积累、农业措施及多种环境气候因素，尤其是干旱环境密切相关。总结了目前已报道的调控假禾谷镰孢致病的关键蛋白，揭示了假禾谷镰孢的产毒类型，明确了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇 (DON) 合成的生化途径，不同杀菌剂对镰孢菌毒素合成的影响，以及杀菌剂刺激或抑制DON合成的机制。并以“防病减毒”为目的，提出了多种协同防病的综合防治措施，可为小麦茎基腐病绿色防控提供参考。
- 假禾谷镰孢 /
- 小麦茎基腐病 /
- 脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON) /
- 杀菌剂
Abstract: Fusarium crown rot (FCR) of wheat has become more and more serious in China in recent years, which not only threatens food security, but also has the potential threat of mycotoxin contamination, which endangers human and animal health. This paper summarizes the damage status of wheat crown rot and the dominant Fusarium spp. that cause the disease in different regions. It is clear that Fusarium pseudograminearum has gradually become the dominant pathogen of FCR in many major wheat producing areas in China. On this basis, the infection cycle and genetic diversity of F. pseudograminearum were further analyzed, revealing the serious occurrence of FCR and the accumulation of F. pseudograminearum in soil, agricultural measures and various environmental and climatic factors, especially drought environment is closely related. This paper also summarized the reported key proteins that regulate the pathogenicity of F. pseudograminearum, revealed the toxin production type of F. pseudograminearum, clarified the biochemical pathway of deoxynivalenol (DON) synthesis, effects of different fungicides on DON synthesis, and the mechanism by which fungicides stimulate or inhibit DON synthesis. With the purpose of "disease control and deoxynivalenol reduction", a variety of comprehensive prevention and control measures for coordinated disease prevention are proposed, which have important reference value for the realization of green prevention and control of FCR.
- Fusarium pseudograminearum /
- Fusarium crown rot (FCR) /
- Deoxynivalenol (DON) /
- fungicide

HTML全文

图 1 小麦茎基腐病症状

注：A、B、C：小麦茎基部变褐，节间产生白色 (B) 或粉色霉层 (C)；D：根部变褐；E、F：白穗症状。

Figure 1. Fusarium crown rot (FCR) symptoms caused by Fusarium pseudograminearum on wheat

Note: A, B and C: Browning on the stem base of infected plants, and internodal sections from infected wheat plants showing white (B) or pink (C); D: Browning on the root; E and F: White heads of infected wheat.

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图 2 DON生物合成相关途径

Figure 2. Diagram of biochemical pathway involved in DON biosynthesis

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表 1 杀菌剂对镰孢菌毒素合成的影响

Table 1. Effect of fungicide on DON biosynthesis of Fusarium spp.

类别 Group	药剂 Fungicide	质量浓度 Concentration/ (µg/mL)	病原菌 Pathogen	DON含量变化 Trends of DON content	参考文献 Reference
苯并咪唑类 Benzimidazoles	多菌灵 carbendazim	1.4	禾谷镰孢 F. graminearum	增加 Increased	[88]
氨基丙烯酸类 Cyanoacrylates	氰烯菌酯 phenamacril	0.5	禾谷镰孢 F. graminearum	降低 Reduced	[90]
苯醌外抑制剂类 QoIs	唑菌胺酯 pyraclostrobin；丁香菌酯 coumoxystrobin；啶氧菌酯 picoxystrobin；嘧菌酯 azoxystrobin；氟嘧菌酯 fluoxastrobin；烯肟菌胺 fenaminstrobin	EC₅₀, 10 × EC₅₀, 100 × EC₅₀	禾谷镰孢 F. graminearum	增加 Increased	[87]
琥珀酸脱氢酶抑制剂类 SDHIs	氟吡菌酰胺 fluopyram；氟酰胺 flutolanil；啶酰菌胺 boscalid；苯并烯氟菌唑 benzovindiflupyr；氟唑菌酰胺 fluxapyroxad	EC₅₀, 10 × EC₅₀, 100 × EC₅₀	亚洲镰孢 F. asiaticum	降低 Reduced	[91]
甾醇脱甲基抑制剂类 DMIs	丙环唑 propiconazole；戊唑醇 tebuconazole；苯醚甲环唑 difenoconazole；氟菌唑 triflumizole；烯唑醇 tenazolol；丙硫菌唑 prothioconazole；三唑酮 triadimefon;	EC₉₀	禾谷镰孢 F. graminearum	增加 Increased	[86]
甾醇脱甲基抑制剂类 DMIs	氟环唑 epoxiconazole	0.28, 10	禾谷镰孢 F. graminearum	增加 Increased	[85]

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